Vitaliy-Matias. Repaso

1. Define atmosphere and air.

Atmosphere: It is a thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth.
Air: It is a mixture of gases that forms the atmosphere. It is composed of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), carbon dioxide (0.03%) and very small amounts of other gases (helium, argon, neon, ozone).

2. Why is the atmosphere important?

• It provides oxygen for us to breathe.
• It regulates the temperature of the Earth thanks to the "Greenhouse Effect", but if this effect increases, it could be very harmful.
• It protects us from the harmful radiations of the Sun.
• It protects us from the impact of the meteorites.

3. What is the atmospheric contamination?

It is the presence of a certain amount of substances in the atmosphere that can damage or endanger the health of people and of living creatures.


4. Put these words in order and explain the characteristics of each part:
Stratosphere, mesosphere, exosphere, troposphere and ionosphere

Troposphere: It is the lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere. It extends from 0 to 12 km of altitude. The weather, clouds, wind, rain, occur in the troposphere.

Stratosphere: extends from 12 km to 50 km. The ozone layer is in the middle.

Mesosphere: extends from 50 km to 80 km. Here the temperature is very low.

Thermosphere or ionosphere: extends from 80 km to 500 km. In this layer there are very few gases. Auroras occur in the ionosphere.

Exosphere: begins at 500 km of altitude and it isn’t really clear where it ends. It is the outermost layer of the Earth's atmosphere. The atmospheric pressure and temperature are low.


5. What contaminates the atmosphere?

• By polluting substances as noxious gases or particles of smoke and ashes.
• By noises and light.

6. What are the effects of contamination?

1. The climate suffers from changes.
2. The biosphere is seriously harmed.
3. The health of people worsens.
4. Constructions and materials deteriorate more quickly.

7. Explain this drawing. Label it. What does it represent?

1. During the day, the Sun warms the Earth’s surface.
2. At night the heat of the Earth’s surface, escapes.
3. The carbon dioxide and water vapor of the atmosphere absorb and reflect this heat and send it back to Earth.

8. What is the deterioration of the ozone layer?

Ozone is a triatomic molecule, consisting of three oxygen atoms. Ozone in the stratosphere filters dangerous ultraviolet light from reaching the Earth's surface. There is an area where the ozone layer is disappearing. This area is called the hole in the ozone layer. It was over Antarctica and it affects South America and Australia, too. Harmful radiation affects our health causing skin diseases.
The disappearance of ozone is caused by some gases called CFC. These gases were in refrigerators and aerosols but today they are substituted by other gases which do not damage the ozone layer.



9. Define climate change and contamination (types of contaminatio too)

The average temperature of the planet is increasing since the mid-twentieth century. This phenomenon is called global warming and it’s a result of the increase in the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon and it is essential
for keeping the Earth warm enough for living beings. But, some polluting gases, as carbon dioxide (CO2), increase this effect too much.


10. Explain your Project:
matias: trabajo sobre el cambio climatico , yo por ejemplo el efecto que hace este cambio hacia las migraciones de animales
vitaliy: Este trabajo sobre cómo contaminan las cosas a la planeta y la atmosfera.